Quick Answer
A dementia doctor establishes which of four things is happening: normal ageing, a treatable contributor such as medication or thyroid disease, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia. CNS evaluates adult memory change across Las Vegas and Henderson, and is an active site in biomarker research through its GAP Foundation partnership.
Key Takeaways
- A memory evaluation separates four things that get treated as one: normal age-related change, a treatable contributor, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. Each implies a different plan, and the difference matters most early.
- Treatable contributors are the reason to be evaluated rather than to wait. Medication effects, thyroid disease, vitamin deficiency, sleep disorders, depression and alcohol all affect memory and all respond to being identified.
- The appointment is usually booked by an adult child rather than the patient. That is a clinical fact rather than a family failing, and it is why a memory evaluation almost always needs someone who can describe change from the outside.
- Mild cognitive impairment is not early dementia by definition. It is a measurable decline that has not yet affected independence, and a meaningful proportion of people with it do not progress.
- CNS is an active biomarker research site through the Global Alzheimer’s Platform Foundation partnership announced in September 2025. Participation is voluntary and entirely separate from clinical care in both directions.
01 — OverviewThe four questions a memory evaluation actually answers
Memory change is the second highest-volume entry point in adult neurology, and it is the one where a single label does the most damage. Patients and families arrive asking whether this is dementia, which is one of four questions the evaluation exists to separate. This page sits within the wider neurological conditions library at Clinical Neurology Specialists.
Question one: is this normal
Some change in memory and processing speed accompanies ageing, and a great deal of anxiety comes from not knowing where the line sits. Forgetting a name and retrieving it later, misplacing objects, needing a list where you once did not, are common and generally not indicators of disease. The pattern that warrants attention is different: repeating the same question within a conversation, difficulty with familiar tasks, getting lost in familiar places, or change that others notice before you do.
Question two: is something treatable causing it
This is the question that makes early evaluation worthwhile, and it is the one most often skipped by waiting. Medication effects are the commonest contributor, particularly anticholinergics, sedatives and some sleep aids. Thyroid disease, vitamin B12 deficiency, obstructive sleep apnoea, depression and alcohol all affect memory measurably. None of these is dementia and all of them respond to being identified, which is why a memory complaint deserves a proper evaluation rather than reassurance or resignation.
| Answer | What it means | Daily function | What follows |
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal ageing | Change within the expected range | Unaffected | Reassurance and a baseline for comparison |
| Treatable contributor | Medication, thyroid, B12, sleep, mood or alcohol | Variable | Address the contributor, then reassess |
| Mild cognitive impairment | Measurable decline below the functional threshold | Independent | Monitoring, risk reduction, repeat assessment |
| Dementia | Decline that has crossed the functional threshold | Affected | Longitudinal management and planning |
Questions three and four: impairment, and dementia
Mild cognitive impairment means a decline that is measurable but has not yet affected independent function. Dementia means it has. That threshold, rather than a particular score on a test, is what separates them, and the distinction matters because the two carry different outlooks: a meaningful proportion of people with mild cognitive impairment remain stable or improve. The National Institute on Aging publishes accessible material on both.
Dementia is cognitive decline severe enough to interfere with independent daily function, which is the threshold that distinguishes it from mild cognitive impairment rather than any particular test score.
02Why the family is part of the evaluation
Memory conditions are unusual in medicine because the person best placed to describe the change is frequently not the patient. That is not a comment on insight or honesty; it is a feature of how these conditions affect self-monitoring. The practical consequence is that a memory evaluation without an informant is working with half the information.
Who should come, and what to bring
Someone who sees the patient regularly and can describe what has changed and over what period. What that person contributes is specific rather than general: examples, dates, whether the change has been gradual or stepwise, what tasks have become difficult, whether there have been safety incidents around driving, cooking or medication. Bring the complete medication list including anything bought without a prescription, and any prior cognitive testing or imaging in full rather than as a summary.
What you contribute
Your own experience of the change, what worries you, and your medical and family history. Being uncertain about detail is expected and is itself information.
What a family member contributes
Timeline, examples, and whether daily function has changed. This is the part that most often determines whether the threshold for dementia has been crossed.
What the evaluation adds
A structured cognitive assessment, a neurological examination, review of medications and contributors, and coordination of laboratory work and imaging where indicated.
What an informant should not be asked to do
There is a line worth naming. An informant describes what they have observed; they are not asked to grade the patient, and a memory appointment conducted as an interrogation in front of the person being discussed damages something that matters more than the data collected. Where it is useful, the history can be taken separately, and most families find that easier for everyone. Saying so at the start removes an awkwardness that otherwise sits over the whole appointment.
The conversation nobody schedules
Families frequently delay an appointment because they fear the answer, and the delay costs the thing they most want to protect: time to plan while the person can still take part in the planning. Where the answer turns out to be a treatable contributor, delay costs recovery that was available. Where it turns out to be dementia, an earlier diagnosis widens the window for legal, financial and care decisions made with the patient rather than for them. Neither outcome is improved by waiting.
Noticed a change in a parent or partner?
Bring examples and dates, and someone who can describe what has changed. That is what makes a first appointment useful.
03What the evaluation involves
The evaluation is a history from both patient and informant, a structured cognitive assessment, a neurological examination, and targeted investigation of treatable contributors. Imaging and laboratory work are coordinated where they will change the plan.
Cognitive assessment, and what a score does not mean
Structured assessment measures memory, attention, language, visuospatial function and executive function. A score is a data point rather than a diagnosis: education, language, hearing, anxiety, sleep and depression all affect performance, and a single number in isolation is routinely over-interpreted in both directions. What matters is the pattern across domains, compared against what the history would predict. Where more detailed characterisation is needed, formal neuropsychological testing is arranged.
Looking for the contributors
Laboratory work typically covers thyroid function and vitamin B12 among other things, and medication review is done carefully rather than in passing, because the effect of an anticholinergic burden accumulated across several prescriptions is easy to miss when each is considered alone. Sleep is asked about specifically, since untreated obstructive sleep apnoea produces cognitive complaints that improve with treatment. Depression is asked about because it can both mimic and accompany cognitive decline.
Why the pattern matters more than the total
Different conditions produce different cognitive profiles, and the profile is more informative than the overall score. A memory-predominant pattern points in one direction; a pattern weighted toward executive function and processing speed with relatively preserved memory points in another, often vascular one; a pattern with prominent language or visuospatial difficulty points somewhere else again. None of these is diagnostic alone, and all of them are invisible if only a total is recorded. That is the reason a structured assessment is worth more than a brief screening question, and the reason formal neuropsychological testing is arranged where the profile needs resolving properly.
Imaging, and what CNS does and does not do
Magnetic resonance or computed tomography is often appropriate in a memory evaluation, to identify vascular contribution or structural causes. CNS does not operate an imaging suite, so this is coordinated with an outside facility, and mentioning it at booking allows the sequence to be planned in one pass. Where the examination raises a separate neurological question, the six in-office studies on the diagnostic testing hub are available, though none of them diagnoses dementia.
04After a diagnosis: what management actually consists of
Management depends on which of the four answers applies, and for dementia it is longitudinal rather than episodic. Medication is one component and frequently not the most consequential one.
What medication can and cannot do
Available treatments are aimed at symptoms and function rather than at halting the underlying process, and their effect varies between individuals. Being clear about that is more useful than optimism, because a family expecting reversal will read a stable year as failure, while a family expecting to manage decline will read the same year as a good outcome. Nothing on this page promises an outcome, and a practice that promises one on this subject should be treated with caution.
Caregiver strain is a clinical issue, not a soft one
The person accompanying the patient is often carrying more than the appointment addresses, and their capacity is directly relevant to the patient's outcome. Sleep loss, isolation, financial pressure and the specific exhaustion of repeating the same answer many times a day all accumulate, and a caregiver who becomes unwell is a clinical event for the person they care for. Asking about it is part of the consultation rather than a courtesy, and pointing toward support earlier than a family would ask for it is usually the more useful move.
The parts that are not medication
Safety planning around driving, medication administration, cooking and finances. Sleep and mood, both of which change cognition measurably. Caregiver support, since caregiver strain is itself a clinical issue with consequences for the patient. And practical planning while the patient can participate. The Alzheimer's Association publishes caregiving material that supplements what a clinical appointment can cover.
Driving, and the conversation families avoid most
Driving is the single hardest subject in memory care and the one most often postponed past the point of safety. It is worth raising early, while the answer is still hypothetical, because a plan agreed in advance is easier for everyone than a decision imposed after an incident. The relevant question is not diagnosis but function: judgement, reaction time, navigation and the ability to respond to the unexpected. Where there is doubt, formal assessment is available, and having that conversation in a consulting room is considerably better than having it after a collision.
Research participation, kept separate
CNS is an active biomarker research site through the Global Alzheimer's Platform Foundation partnership announced in September 2025, described on the research page. Participation is voluntary and entirely separate from clinical care in both directions: taking part does not alter your treatment and declining does not either. That separation is an ethical requirement rather than a reassurance, and it runs in both directions deliberately.
05Memory and dementia care across the valley
Both CNS offices provide memory evaluation, and the choice between them is a travel decision. That matters more here than on most pages, because a memory evaluation usually involves an accompanying family member, which means coordinating two people's schedules and often a longer journey than one person would make alone. Clark County has a thin supply of neurologists relative to its population, consistent with the shortage the American Academy of Neurology has documented.
Two appointments, not one
A memory evaluation is realistically two visits rather than one for most families: the assessment itself, then a follow-up once laboratory work and any imaging have come back, where the results are discussed and a plan agreed. Knowing that in advance changes how families prepare, because the first appointment is not where the answer arrives and treating it as though it should be produces disappointment that the process does not deserve. Building both visits into the plan from the start is more honest than implying a single visit resolves everything.
Dementia Las Vegas and the west valley
Patients seeking dementia Las Vegas evaluation generally attend the West Flamingo Road office, which the 215 and Summerlin Parkway feed toward. Consultations, follow-up and coordination of imaging are handled there.
Dementia Henderson NV and Green Valley
For dementia Henderson NV patients the West Horizon Ridge Parkway office sits just off the 215 Beltway. Dementia Green Valley Henderson families almost always find that address the shorter trip, and it offers the same evaluation as the Las Vegas site.
Dementia Summerlin and the northwest
Dementia Summerlin patients are usually closest to West Flamingo Road. CNS consolidated from a wider footprint into two offices, so families further north attend whichever is the shorter drive; we will not imply a third location exists.
Dementia Southern Nevada: continuity over years
Dementia Southern Nevada care is measured in years, and the value of one practice holding the record compounds across that period. A cognitive score means little in isolation and a great deal compared against the same patient two years earlier. Medication changes, safety incidents, sleep and mood all form a picture only a continuous record shows. That is the argument for choosing a practice you can stay with rather than the first available appointment, and coverage is verified before your visit, with detail on the insurance page.
Memory and Dementia Guides
7 in-depth guidesThis hub covers adult memory evaluation at CNS. The guides below go deeper on formal neuropsychological testing, on the conditions memory change is most often confused with, and on research participation. Start with the guide matching what has already been said to you, rather than with a diagnosis you are trying to rule out.
Start Here — Cornerstone Guides
Neuropsychological testing
When a score needs to become a detailed profile across cognitive domains.
Read the guide → ResearchBiomarker research participation
An active site through the GAP Foundation partnership, kept separate from care.
Read more → OverlapParkinson's disease and tremor
Movement conditions that carry cognitive change, and are frequently confused with it.
Read more →Browse by Category
Assessment in depth
Conditions that overlap
Research
Who you will see
Five board-certified physicians
Leo Germin, M.D., FAANEM, founder and medical director, triple board-certified in Neurology and Vascular Neurology through the ABPN and Neuromuscular Medicine through the ABEM, with subspecialty certification in Neurosonology and Neuroimaging. Anup Panduranga, M.D., fellowship-trained in epilepsy. Eric Gutglueck, M.D., neuromuscular medicine and neuromuscular ultrasound. Jessica A. Knirk, M.D., general adult neurology with Botox for chronic migraine. William Lujan, M.D., broad general adult neurology.
Four advanced practice providers
Fara Tan, APRN, MSCN, a Multiple Sclerosis Certified Nurse through the Multiple Sclerosis Nurses International Certification Board. Lindsey Evans, PA-C, general neurology and electromyography. Terra Fonseca, PA-C, a surgical and vascular background applied to general adult neurology. Alissa Nakamura, PA-C, board-certified through the NCCPA, with three years in pain management that transfer directly to nerve-injury and neuropathy questions.
Spread, not headcount
A referral that lands somewhere without neuromuscular or epilepsy depth often becomes a second referral, and each handoff adds weeks. Here an ambiguous nerve study can be reviewed by a neuromuscular specialist and an ambiguous EEG by a fellowship-trained epileptologist without the patient leaving the practice. Full biographies are on the providers page.
The Bottom Line
Ask which of four things is happening rather than whether it is dementia. Normal ageing, a treatable contributor, mild cognitive impairment and dementia carry different plans, and the difference is worth most when it is established early.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does a dementia doctor actually assess?
Which of four things is happening: normal age-related change, a treatable contributor such as medication effect or thyroid disease, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia. Each carries a different plan, which is why the separation matters more than the label.
What is the difference between mild cognitive impairment and dementia?
Whether independent daily function has been affected. Mild cognitive impairment is a measurable decline that has not crossed that threshold; dementia has. It is the functional threshold rather than a particular test score that distinguishes them.
Which memory problems are treatable?
Those caused by a contributor rather than by a degenerative process. Medication effects, thyroid disease, vitamin B12 deficiency, obstructive sleep apnoea, depression and alcohol all affect memory measurably and all respond to being identified, which is the main reason not to wait.
Should a family member come to the appointment?
Yes, and it materially improves the evaluation. Memory conditions affect self-monitoring, so someone who sees the patient regularly can describe change from the outside. That account is often what determines whether the threshold for dementia has been crossed.
What should we bring?
Examples and dates of what has changed, the complete medication list including anything bought without a prescription, and any prior cognitive testing or imaging as full reports rather than summaries. Notes on safety incidents around driving, cooking or medication are particularly useful.
Does CNS perform the MRI?
No. CNS does not operate an imaging suite, so magnetic resonance and computed tomography are coordinated with outside facilities. Mention it when booking so the sequence can be planned in one pass rather than three.
Can we take part in research?
CNS is an active biomarker research site through the Global Alzheimer’s Platform Foundation partnership announced in September 2025. Participation is voluntary and separate from clinical care in both directions. Ask about what is currently recruiting, since availability changes.
Is a low score on a memory test a diagnosis?
No. Education, language, hearing, anxiety, sleep and depression all affect performance, and a single number in isolation is routinely over-interpreted in both directions. What matters is the pattern across cognitive domains compared against what the history predicts.
How this page was sourced
Practice facts here come from Clinical Neurology Specialists directly: the provider roster, the absence of an on-site imaging suite, and the Global Alzheimer’s Platform Foundation biomarker research partnership announced in September 2025. Clinical and public information is sourced to the three organisations listed below, cited inline.
This page describes what an evaluation separates and what management involves. It does not diagnose, does not quote prevalence or progression figures, and does not promise an outcome, because between-patient variability makes any single figure misleading on this subject. Scope is adults 18 and older, diagnostic and medical rather than surgical.
References
- Alzheimer's Association — public information on dementia, caregiving and research participation.
- National Institute on Aging — federal research on ageing, cognition and dementia.
- American Academy of Neurology — practice guidance and specialist supply.
This page is for general education about adult neurological care and is not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment recommendation. It does not create a physician-patient relationship. Adults 18 and older. For an active stroke, a first-time or prolonged seizure, sudden severe headache, sudden weakness, sudden vision loss, or a head injury with loss of consciousness, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency department. Speak with a qualified clinician about your own circumstances.