Diagnostic Testing

Understanding emg and nerve testing

EMG and nerve testing are two parts of one appointment. Nerve conduction studies send small pulses through the skin to measure how signals travel along nerves. Electromyography uses a fine needle to record muscle activity. Together they show where a problem is.

Quick answer

EMG and nerve testing are two parts of one appointment. Nerve conduction studies send small pulses through the skin to measure how signals travel along nerves. Electromyography uses a fine needle to record muscle activity. Together they show where a problem is.

What you have actually been referred for

If you have been told you need an EMG, or nerve testing, or a nerve conduction study, these usually refer to the same appointment. It has two halves performed back to back. The first uses sticky electrodes and brief electrical pulses to check how well and how fast signals travel along specific nerves. The second uses a thin needle placed into selected muscles to listen to their electrical activity at rest and when you gently tense them.

What question it answers

The purpose is localisation. Symptoms such as numbness, tingling, burning or weakness in a hand can arise from a nerve compressed at the wrist, a nerve root irritated in the neck, a generalised neuropathy affecting many nerves, or a problem in the muscle itself. Those four are treated completely differently and can feel identical from the outside. This is the test that distinguishes them, and it also grades how severe the problem is and gives a sense of how long it has been present.

What it is like, honestly

It is uncomfortable rather than painful for most people. The pulses feel like a tap or brief cramp and stop instantly. The needle produces a short sting and an ache when you tense the muscle. There is no sedation and no recovery period, so you drive yourself home. Mild soreness for a day afterwards is common. At CNS the neurologist who ordered the study performs and interprets it, in laboratories holding AANEM accreditation at both offices.

About this practice

Clinical Neurology Specialists has been physician-owned since 1998, when Leo Germin, M.D., FAANEM founded it. Five board-certified neurologists and four advanced practice providers see patients at the Las Vegas and Henderson offices, each with its own AANEM-accredited electrodiagnostic laboratory.

Clinical Neurology Specialists is an adult outpatient neurology practice for patients 18 and older. The practice performs no surgery and operates no imaging suite, infusion suite or interventional pain programme, and provides no emergency or inpatient care.

Emergency & crisis resources: Clinical Neurology Specialists is not an emergency service. For stroke symptoms, a seizure lasting more than five minutes or any medical emergency, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. For a mental health crisis, call or text 988 (Suicide & Crisis Lifeline).

Frequently asked

Questions about understanding emg and nerve testing

What is the difference between EMG and nerve conduction studies?
Nerve conduction studies test the nerves using surface electrodes and small electrical pulses, measuring how fast and how strongly signals travel. Electromyography tests the muscles using a fine needle. They are two halves of the same appointment and are interpreted together, because neither answers the question alone.
Why do I need both parts?
Because they examine different points in the same pathway. The nerve study shows whether the signal is slowed or reduced along the nerve; the muscle study shows what has happened downstream. Read together they distinguish a nerve problem from a muscle problem and localise where the fault is.
What conditions is it used for?
Most commonly carpal tunnel syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, cervical and lumbar nerve root problems, ulnar neuropathy at the elbow, and suspected muscle disease or neuromuscular junction disorders such as myasthenia gravis. It is a localising test rather than a general screen.
Does it hurt?
It is uncomfortable rather than painful for most people. The electrical pulses feel like a tap or short cramp and stop the instant the pulse does. The needle causes a brief sting and an ache when you contract the muscle. No sedation is used and most people drive themselves home.
How should I prepare?
Arrive with clean skin and no lotion or cream on the limbs being tested, keep your hands and feet warm on the way in since cold alters the readings, and wear clothing that lets the limb be uncovered. Tell the team beforehand about blood thinners, a pacemaker or a defibrillator.

Physician-reviewed. Reviewed by the physicians of Clinical Neurology Specialists — board-certified neurologists, AANEM-accredited electrodiagnostic laboratories, physician-owned since 1998. Reviewed 1 August 2026. This article is general education for adults 18 and older and is not a substitute for a consultation.

Next step

Speak to a board-certified neurologist

Adults 18 and older, at the Las Vegas and Henderson offices. Call 702-804-1212 or request an appointment online.